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BASKET BALL. 9 

only for the time boinjET-, and they will soon realize that it is 
nothing bnt a friendlj"" g-ame. Tlie very men who wish to play 
ronj?hly will be the lirst to condemh the g-ame if roughness is 
allowed, for it is generally they who get the worst of the 
roughness in the end. 

G. It should be easy to learn. Lacrosse, which is consid- 
ered one of the best all-round games, has this objection, that 
it requires too much practice in order to obtain even the 
exercise from the game, whereas anj' one can learn to play 
Basket Ball at a single lesson, and at the same time obtain the 
exercise which an experienced player gets. 

These were felt to be the conditions that would determine 
the usefulness of a game that might be played summer and 
winter, in any climate, and under varying conditions. 

To play a game, divide the men into two teams, hang a 
basket at each end of the room, let each side defend one of 
these goals while endeavoring to put the ball into that of their 
opponents.' This is done by placing the men as in diagram, 
page 6, passing the ball from one to another and trying to 
throw it into the goal. 

The object of a player should be whenever his own side has 
possession of the ball to gain an uncovered position so that his 
own side may pass it to him. On the other hand, his opponent 
should see that he does not gain this favorable position. It is 
at this point that head work and the ability to do a certain 
thing without letting his opponent know what he is about to 
do are valuable. Individual play does not count for much, for 
very often a man has to sacrifice his own chance of making a 
goal that he may be sure of it from the hands of another. In the 
gymnasium, the ball as a rule should not be passed swiftly in a 
straight line, but should be tossed lightly so that the one who 
receives it shall lose no time in passing it to another or throw- 



10 BASKET BALL. 

ing it for a goal. But on the tieUl, where hwg passes may be 
niado, the straight throw may ]»e used to advantage. 

Of e(mrse, any number of men can play when sport is the 
object and very often the moi-e men the more fun, but wlien a 
match game is to be played it is necessary to have a definite 
number of men on the floor; for a small gymnasium, five men 
make the best sized team, while for a large gymnasium nine 
men may be put on the lloor. (Hee rule 21). When the team con- 
sists of five men they may be placed thus: right and left 
backs, riglit and left forwards, and center, as per diagram 
page 6. 

Eor nine men, they are placed as in the diagram, page 7, and 
are a goal keeper ; two backs to assist him ; a center ; a right 
and left center; two forwards and a home man. 

These are arranged in this order from the goal which they, 
are defending. A man does not need to keep strictly to his 
place, but should be always in his own part of the grounds. It 
should be the duty of the home man and the two forwards to 
get a favorable position to throw for goal and to assist one 
another in this matter. These ought to be men who are not 
afraid to sacrifice their own glory for the good of the team , 
while, at the same time, they should be cool headed enough to 
use every opportunity of trying for goal. The center men 
are placed so that they may assist the forwards or help the 
backs, and as the strain comes on each of these, they should be 
able to make a good shot for goal and quick enough to stop a 
good play of an opponent. Their aim should be constantly to 
feed the ball forward to their own men and keep them in a 
position to make goals. The duty of the backs is principally to 
prevent the opponents throwing for goal, by preventing them 
from getting the ball, and by taking it from them when they 
are preparing to throw. In this, if anywhere, prevention is 
better than cure, for when a ball is thrown up so as to alight 



/ 

BASKET BALL. / 

^' 

in the basket there is no goal keeper who can keep it from en- 
tering. The goal keeper's duty is to get the ball away from 
the vicinity of his goal and to stop as many plays as possible, 
thus he will bat the ball more frequently than is advisable in 
the case of the other players. 

When fun and recreation are desired, as many men as please 
may play, and they may be distributed according to the cap- 
tain's own idea, but the best plan seems to be to divide the 
men into three classes, forwards occupying the third of th0 
ground nearest the opponents' goal; center men occupying 
the middle third ; backs occupying the defensive third of the 
ground, vide page 7. This is not a hard and fast division, but 
merely to let the men know for what part of the tield they are 
responsible. The men ought to betaught to fill every position, 
as it is intended to be an all-round game, and though each 
position entails plenty of hard work, yet each man is better if 
he be able to take any part. 

THE GROUNDS. 

These are the gymnasium floor cleared of apparatus, though 
any building of this nature would suit. If there is a gallery 
or running track around the building the baskets may be hung 
up on this, one at each end, and the bounds marked out on the 
floor just beneath this gallery. The apparatus may be stored 
away behind this line and thus be out of the field of play. If 
there is no gallery, the baskets may be hung on the wall, one 
at each end. In an open field a couple of posts may be set up , 
with baskets on top, and set at the most convenient distance. 
Out of doors, with plenty of room, the fields may be 150 feet 
long, the goal-lines running through the baskets perpendicu- 
lar to the length of the field ; the side boundaries 100 feet apart, 
the ball must be passed into the field when outside these lines. 
A player cannot run after he has picked up the ball, though he 



12 • BASKET BALL. 

may throw it and endeavor to get it again, but he must tlirow 
it higher than his head ; by this means lie may make progress 
from one part of the Held to another, but his opponent always 
has an opportunity of gaining the ball without tackling him. 
Again, he may bound it in front of him as he runs, or dribble 
it with his hand along the ground, but he cannot kick it with 
his feet, not even to dribble it. At c. ^^icnic the baskets may 
be hung on a couple of trees and the game carried on as usual. 

The goals are a couple of baskets fifteen inches in diameter 
across the opening and about fifteen inches deep. If the field 
of play is large the baskets may be larger, so as to allow of 
more goals being made. "When the field is 150 feet long the 
baskets may be thirty inches in diameter. These are to be 
suspended, one at each end of the grounds, about ten feet 
from the floor. A neat device for a goal has been arranged by 
A. Gr. Spalding & Bros., by which the ball is held and may be 
thrown out by pulling a string. 

The object of the game is to put the ball into your op- 
ponents' goal . This may be done by throwing the ball from 
any part of tlie grounds, with one or both hands under the 
conditions and rules desciibed. 



BASKET BALL. 



13 




Fig. 1.— side thbow, 




Fig. 2— over-hand thbow. 



14: BASKET BALL. 

FLA YS. 

Fig. 1, This throw is made with the arm nearly straight. 
It is a low hard drive, hard to catch unless there is ample time, 
and the ball comes straight. Additional impetus is given to 
the ball by a twist at the waist. This throw is useful in mak- 
ing a long, low pass across the lield. 

Fig. 2. One great difficulty with the side throw is that there 
is usually an opponent by who will stop it. It is usually 
best then to throw high enough to clear him. If he is at all 
near, this Avill have to be done by this, the o^■er-hand throw. 
This is an excellent method of throwing for goal. 

Fig. 3, Useful in throwing under an opponent who expects a 
high throw and is jumping for it. This should be made witli 
speed. 

Fig. 4- In bringing the ball in from out of bounds there will 
almost invariably be a man already to stop the throw, a very 
common and useful play here is illustrated in this cut. Feint 
to throw over, then throw either directly under or to 
one side of him. Do not look at the ball nor where you intend to 
throw. It will give the play away. The play will of course 
have to be made very fast. 

Fig. 5. This is one of the most frequent fouls that is made 
in playing. The man who has the ball naturally wishes to 
keep it, or, at least, to throw it himself. To avoid having it 
taken away he "hugs" it. This is a foul. 

To get out of this position he should have jerked the ball up 
or down, or, preferably to either, he should have given a quick 
turn so as to face the other direction and thus to bring his op- 
ponent at his back. 

Fig. 6. At the moment of throwing, the opponent comes 
from behind and for an instant only throws his arms around 
the thrower, thus effectually spoiling a good throw. 

This is particularly a foul of green players. 



.BAMKF.T BALL 



15 




■piG. 3,— UNDEB-HAND THEOW. 




Fig. 4. 



16 BASKET BALI.. 

Fiff. 7. In niakiiig a thi'ow for «^oal a common mothod is to 
"pnt" it just as a shot is "put." The opponent grasps tho 
wrist for a moment and stops tlie throw. This is always a 
foul and counts against tiio side making it. If tlie thrower 
liad held his left arm in front of his body so as to ward off the 
attack it would have been impossible. 

Fig. 8. When the ball goes out of bounds, or even when it 
has to be picked up on the lield, an opponent who is directly 
behind can put his shoulder up against the man's thigh, grasp 
the ball and pull. He will either let go or fall on his head. 

Fig. 9. The secret of Basket Ball is in team play. Every 
time the ball is in your hands your side should free themselves 
from their opponents, so that you can have a chance to get 
the ball safely to the man you have in mind. There is no 
game in which individual play will do less ar.dteam play more 
than in Basket Ball. 

THROWING FOR GOAL. 

Some teams are throwing for goal all the time. They think, 
apparently, that out of so many chances some will be maele. 
Of course this is possible and sometimes a goal will be made 
from the whole length of the field. This, however, is so rare 
as to make the side that tries it lose steadily. 

Only throw for goal when there is a reasonable chance for 
making it. If you are so attacked that you cannot make a 
good throw, instead of throwing wild, pass to the other for- 
ward or even to the center. This is team play. 

A most common fault of green players is to be continually 
running after the ball. 

When the opponents have the ball, stick to your man like 
glue. Cover him so effectually that the ball cannot by any 
manner of means be passed into his hands. Follow him any- 
where ; prevent his getting the ball. When the ball is thrown 



F.ASKET BALTj 




Fio. 5.-P0UL-I™«0ING THE BALL. 




riO. e.-POUL-HOLUINO. 



18 BASKET ii.MA.. 

tlien try and ^H it yourself if it con^.es your way. If, instead 
(if playing tins way, you run oft" to block the man who has the 
hall, while you may make it harder for him to make a good 
throw, still you have left your man unooverod and the ball 
can and probably will be thrown to lum. 

Now, however, when it is one of your men who has the ball, 
your play must be exactly reversed. Get in front of or away 
from your opponent, so that the ball may be thrown to you 
with safety. 

When it is your immediate opponent who has the ball do not 
let him have a good throw, take the ball away from him, block 
him, hit the ball with your o))en hand. If you hit it with your 
list it is a foul. 

QUALITIES DEMANDED IN A SUCCESSFUL TEAM 

1. Coolness.— The. individual members of the team must never 
get rattled and play wild, perhaps no quality is more pssontial 
than this one. 

2. Quickness.— Ba,skct Ball is a fast game, the slow man is 
"not in it" at all. The man who can work fast will, other 
things being equal, make the best man everj'' time. 

3. Accuracy/.— Wild throwing is one of the most frequent 
causes of defeat. Good throwing is not merely necessary in 
throwing for goal V)ut in all the passing that is done. A wild or 
careless throw will give the ball to the opponents almost every 
time. Accuracy in throwing for goal is an absolute necessity. 

I have seen a team by tine play get the ball and work it up 
steadily to the forwards again and again, but the forwards 
were poor throwers and could not make the goal. On the 
other side while the ball got to the forwards but seldom, still 
afmost every time that it did, a goal was the result. The re- 
sult of this was was that the inferior team won. There was 
one weak spot and the game was lost on account of it. 



BASKET BAIiL. 



19 




Fig. 7.— foul— holding. 




Fig. 8.— getting the ball. 



20 



BASKET BAIiL. 




Fig. 9.— suppokting each othek. 



4. Gcxfd 'Judgment is a necessity. The pla>'s must varj 
constantly, Tlie tactics that will be the most elTectivc against 
one team will fail against another. 

Nothing but careful watching and good judgment Avill ena- 
Ijle the team to know what plays will succeed best. 

5. Endurance.— Fl'w games demand more endurance than 
Basket Ball. The running, jumping, turning, twisting, arc 
incessant. Good lieart and lungs are involved. 

6. ASelf-ControL— Bad temper will often lose games. The 
play is so fast, the interest so intense that it is all but inevit- 
able that some fouls shall be made, and it will often appear 
that these are intentional when they are not. Then, too, the 
officers camiot see everything, and the tendency will be to 
think that they are willfully shutting their eyes. The onlj^ 
way to do is to play fair A'ourself under all conditions, even if 



BASKET BALL. 21 



you think that your opponents are not doing so, and further- 
more always take it for granted that the officei-s are doing 
their fuil duty. Stand up for tliem. Their positions are hard 
ones to fill. It is impossible to please every one. The whole 
success of the game depends on the efficiency of the officers, 
and this depends usually on the support that is given them. 



b^ske:t ball rulks. 

COF-YRiaHTE^D, 1893. 

1. The ball is put in play as follows: The teams line up in 
their respective positions and the referee throws the ball up in 
the middle of the field. This is dtwfe at the beginning of the 
game, at the beginning of the second half, after each goal, 
when a foul has been made and whenever ^me has been 
called. 

2. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both 
hands. 

3. The ball may be batted in any direction with the open 
hand or hands. 

L The ball cannot bo struck Avitli the lists or kicked. 

5. A player cannot run with the ball either in or out of 
bounds except as specilied in rule 2. He must throw it from 
the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a 
man who catches the ball while he is running, if he tries to stop, 
(This does not exclude turning around on the spot.) 

6. The ball must be held by the hands; the arms, legs or 
body must not be used for holding it. 

7. When the ball is passed from the held of play oat of 
bounds in order to claim exemption from interference, or 
when it is passed between players, outside of bounds, the ball 
shall be given to the opponents. 



22 BASKET BALL. RULES. 

8. When the ball is held by more than two men for any 
length of time, the referee shall blow the whistle and throw 
the ball straight up from the spot where it was held. 

0. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking 
shall be allowed. The first infringement of this rule shall 
count a foul, the second shall disqualify him but a substitute 
may take his place. 

10. The ball is not out of bounds until it crosses the line. 

11. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be returned by 
the side lirst holding it. The thrower in shall walk as directly 
towards the line as the apparatus, etc., will admit. He may 
then (1) bound it in and catch it, (2) throw it to some one in the 
hold, or (3) roll it along the ground. He is allowed five seconds 
(to hold it) and if he holds it longer than that, it goes to the 
opponents. In case of doubt in the mind of the referee as to 
which side lirst held the ball, he shall throw it up in the field 
of play. 

12. A foul is violation of rules 4, 5, 6, '.), 16 and 19. 

13. A goal shall be made when a ball is thrown or batted 
from the ground into the basket (directly or by a rebound from 
the sides) provided it stays in. If the ball rests on the edge of 
the basket and an opponent moves the basket, it shall count 
as a goal. 

li. The score shall be counted by points. A goal shall count 
3 points, a foul 1 point for the opponents. A majority of 
points shall decide the game. 

15. The goals must be protected against interference from 
the spectators, this protection to extend at leat six feet on each 
side of the goal, and in case of a screen or other contri- 
vance, to be at least six feet high. In case of doubt in the mind 
of the referee or umpire arising from the presence of the spec- 
tators, the visiting team shall have the benefit of the doubt. 



BASKET BALL BULKS. 23 

10. Any persistent intentional delay of the g-ame should he 
counted as a foul against the team so delaying. 

17. The time shall be two halves of twenty minutes each or 
such time as the captains may mutually agree upon. This is 
time of actual play. 

18. The referee shall be judge of the ball and decide when 
the ball is in play, to which side it belongs ; shall keep the 
time, decide when a goal has been made ; keep account of the 
goals and fouls made; and any other duties not discharged ])y 
the umpire. 

19. The umpire shall be judge of the men, shall note the fouls 
made, report to the referee, keep an account of them, and 
notify the offenders. He shall have power to disqualify a 
player according to rule 9. In case any player is needlessly 
rough in his efforts to get the ball, the umpire shall warn him, 
even though he does not make a foiil, and if he persists, the 
umpire shall call a foul upon him or even disqualify him if he 
thinks it necessary. 

20. Any player has a right to get the ball at any time 
while it is in the field of play, provided only that he handles 
the hall and not the opponent. 

21. The team shall consist of live men when the 'actual 
playing space is less than 1200 square feet, and nine men when 
it is more than this and less than 3G00 square feet. 

The position of umpire is a very responsible one and on his 
ruling depends, to a great degree, the valucj of the game. If 
he deliberately overlooks violation of the rules he is responsi- 
ble for a great deal of unnecessary roughness and consequent 
ill feeling, but if he is firm and impartial in his decision he 
will soon win the respect of all, even those who suffered at the 
time. 



\N 



BASKET BALiL BULES. 



A player may stand in front of tho thrower and obstruct the ' 

ball, but ho must not violate rule '.). One aim of the rules 
has been to eliminate rough play, and for this reason the um- 
pire must interpret with this aim in view. 

It is difficult for an umpire to see what every man is doing 
in every play, but if he watches where the ball is going to 
alight he may note the few men who are actually engaged in 
the play and may detect fouls. He does not need to watch the 
ball but the men. This will simplify the ^xovk of the umpire 
which is difficult at best. 




SPALDING^S / 
Victor W2^11 P\d^c\)iT)^s 





VICTOR No. 5. 



16 Lb. Weights, 
Japan Finish, . . . $ 1 5.00 
Nickel-plated Finish, 18.00 

Our No. 5 Machine has the 
Centre Arm Adjustment which 
permits of all the lower as well 
as the direct and upper chest 
m o V e m e n t s. The variou s 
changes are made by raising or 
lowering the centre bar, requir- 



ing but a few 
the 



seconds to do it. This adjustment has proven 
most useful and beneficial addition to a chest weight ever 
conceived. By its use in conjunction with the upper movements 
every muscle in the human body can be exercised. 

Our complete Catalogue of Wall Machines, Gymnasium Goods and 
Appliances mailed free to any address. 

A. Q. SPALDING & BROS., 

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Boxing. This book is, without doubt, themost valuable manual 
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No. 9. Athletes' Cuide. Articles on Training, by H. S. Cornish- 
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Croquet. Official Rules of the Game as adopted by the Na- 
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Spalding's Official Foot Ball Cuide and 

Referee's Book. Revised by Walter Camp. Author- 
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^A^®!'^ ^'7^ Association Foot Ball. Complete 

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Hand Ball. How to Play It. Rules and definitions, regula- 
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4. Curling, Hockey and Polo. Rules governing each 

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BASKET BALI FmcIss 745" "e 

FOR IN OR OUTDOOR USK. 




lay pullmg cord inside 
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The ball is released from basket 
and returns automatically to 

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